Journal: Research

Article Title: Aerobic Exercise-Induced TGF-β Receptor Reprogramming Disrupts Neutrophil–Microglia Crosstalk to Attenuate Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

doi: 10.34133/research.1301

Figure Lengend Snippet: Animal study verifying the effect of AE in mitigating EBI of SAH. (A) The complete timeline of an experimental plan, schematic diagram, and actual skull base image of the SAH/Sham model in this animal experiment. Some elements are created in BioRender (2026); https://BioRender.com/vwwir98 . (B) SAH grading score of each group in this stage. n = 24. (C) Modified Garcia score of each group, n = 24. (D) The water content of the left and right brains in different groups at this stage. n = 6. (E and F) Apoptosis of bleeding focus cortical neurons was detected by TUNEL assay (red), NeuN (green), and DAPI (blue) immunofluorescence. n = 6. Scale bars, 50 μm. (G) Bars show changes in BBs in SAH mice. n = 24. (H to N) Western blotting images and quantitative data of relative expression level of Il-1b, Il-6, Nos2, Il-4, Il-10, and Tgfb1 in the ipsilateral cortex after SAH. n = 6. (O) The coronal sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological evaluation AE-regulated in SAH. n = 6. Scale bars, 50 μm. (P) Histopathological changes detected by Nissl’s staining in hippocampus and the hemorrhagic cortex. n = 6. Scale bars, 50 μm. In (B), (C), and (G), data were represented as median (interquartile range), and P values were calculated using Kruskal–Wallis H with Dunn test. In (D), (F), and (I) to (N), data were represented as mean ± SD, and P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. The original Western blot images are shown in Data . Detailed experimental data and statistical results, including Z and P values for Kruskal–Wallis test and F and P values for ANOVAs, are provided in Data to .

Article Snippet: After fixation, the tissue was processed for TUNEL assay with the cell apoptosis detection kit (Servicebio, G1502-50T), and Rabbit anti-NeuN polyclonal antibody (ABclonal, A0951) and its corresponding secondary antibody: Donkey anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Antgene, ANT024, diluted 1:400).

Techniques: Modification, TUNEL Assay, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Expressing, Staining